The University of Toronto

Bioinformatics and Computational Biology

Introducing a new, interdepartmental, undergraduate Specialist Program at the University of Toronto,

sponsored by the Departments of
Biochemistry, Cell & Systems Biology, Computer Science and Ecology & Evolutionary Biology

Bioinformatics and Computational Biology
If one were to choose the single most important scientific advance of the last century, it would likely be symbolized in the image of the double helix of DNA and its dual meaning: life propagates as pure information, which is encoded in physical molecules. As we progress to understand life in its molecular detail, we find that molecular biology is an information science as much as it is a physical science.
Molecular Biology Molecule and Information: DNA is a chemical substance that directs the synthesis of polypeptides; these spontaneously self-organize to the molecular machines that make life possible. The sequence of DNA defines the synthesis, just as letters in this text carry its meaning.
Genome sequencing and proteome analysis has given us breathtaking insights into the inner workings of cellular function at the molecular level. However, a deep understanding of the complex organisation of the cell, and the interaction of its components has yet to be achieved. We are currently still very much at the descriptive level and substantial progress will be needed to fulfill the promises of "post-genomic" biology, for biotechnology and molecular medicine.

Computational Biology A schematic of cellular components involved in replication and their interactions. This type of model may be an approach towards computational prediction of biological processes.
Bioinformatics devises methods to make biological information computable - to abstract properties of molecules, cellular systems and biological organisms, to efficiently store and retrieve the very large volumes of data that are being accumulated, to support sensitive comparisons and to mine the data with sophisticated statistical tools. Computational biology is bioinformatics' goal: to advance our understanding of life through computational analysis, modelling, and prediction. Organization of data, analysis of novel correlations, and integration into computational models will lead us to a true understanding of life in its molecular detail.

Biological Data Analysis in Your Career
Biotechnology industry professionals see three major needs: biological analysts who are involved in experimental work and trained in bioinformatics applications, software engineers with enough domain knowledge to be able to support method- and database integration, and the true generalist with enough skills in both areas to develop new methods and strategies. It is the rare, latter individual who is also most highly sought in the academic sector and the Program's goal is to train students accordingly. Graduates of the program would typically pursue graduate studies in any of the participating departments: Computer Science (from the biocomputing stream), Biochemistry, Cell & Systems Biology or Ecology & Evolutionary Biology (from the bioanalyst stream). Their professional carreers may span a wide range of opportunities, including academic research, clinical medicine, drug development, agrotechnology or even patent law.
What the Program Offers
The Bioinformatics and Computational Biology specialist program provides a balance between its foundational subjects and covers advanced topics in both the theoretical and the life-sciences. The program draws on the University's state-of-the-art facilities across several departments, and the unique concentration of scientists in the field; it is firmly embedded in a diverse landscape of graduate and postgraduate research. We teach a challenging curriculum and aim to offer numerous options to put theory into practice. The Program will become part of a coherent course of studies, from the undergraduate level, via the Graduate Program in Proteomics and Bioinformatics, to numerous advanced research opportunities.
Who We Are Looking For
BCB is a challenging academic program, designed with the best students in mind. If you would like to become part of one of science's greatest adventures, if you are aiming to study in an outstanding academic environment, if you are exceptionally motivated and committed to excellence, we would like to hear from you.

Curriculum
Please refer to the Faculty of Arts and Science course calendar for details.

Specialist program:

(16.5 full courses or their equivalent)

First Year:
MAT 135Y1 / MAT 137Y1 / MAT 157Y1; (CSC 107H1 / CSC 108H1, CSC 148H1) / CSC 150H1; CSC 165H1; CHM 151Y1 / (CHM 138H1, CHM 139H1); BIO 150Y1; writing requirement (0.5 credit, see Note 2 to Comprehensive Program in Computer Science)

Second Year:
MAT 223H1 / MAT 240H1; STA 247H1; STA 248 H1; CSC 207H1; CSC 236H1 / CSC 240H1; BCH 242Y1; BIO 250Y1

Third Year:
CSC 263H1 / CSC 265H1; CSC 321H1 / CSC 343H1; CSC 373H1 / CSC 375H1; BCH 441H1 / BIO 472H1; MGY 311Y1 / (BIO 260H1, BIO 349H1)

Fourth Year:

Bio Analyst Stream (preparation for life-science graduate programs):
BCB 410H1; BCB 420H1; CSC 411H1; five half credits from (BCB 430Y1, BCH 335H1, BCH 340 H1, MGY 420H1, MGY 425H1, MGY 428H1, BCH 422H1, BCH 426H1, BCH 440H1, MGY 460H1, BIO 460H1, BIO 473H1, BOT 421H1, BOT 450H1, BOT 458H1)

Bio Computing Stream (preparation for computer-science graduate programs)
BCB 410H1; BCB 420H1; CSC 411H1; CSC 336H1 / CSC 350H1; one half credit from (MGY 420H1, MGY 425H1, MGY 428H1, BCH 422H1, BCH 426H1, BCH 440H1, MGY 460H1, BIO 460H1, BIO 473H1, BOT 421H1, BOT 450H1, BOT 458H1); three half credits from (BCB 430Y1, CSC 324H1, CSC 363H1, MAT 244H1, CSC 310H1, CSC 321H1, CSC 343H1, CSC 412H1, CSC 456H1)

Application and Admission(*)
Application to UofT
First year applicants to the University should follow the application procedures outlined on the Faculty of Arts and Science Web site.

Students wo are interested in BCB should apply to the Sciences program division on St. George Campus. Current Ontario students must present

  • Six Grade 12 U/M courses, including:
    • English (ENG4U)
    • Advanced Functions (MHF4U, a prerequisite for first year mathematics)
    • Calculus & Vectors (MCV4U, a prerequisite for first year mathematics)
    • Biology (SBI4U, a prerequisite for first year biology)
    • Chemistry (SCH4U, a prerequisite for first year chemistry)
    • Physics is recommended but not required
  • Adequate marks; the cutoff varies from year to year as the University balances applications and available openings. We expect that successful candidates will have an average of over 80%. Averages are calculated from English, and the five best of your remaining courses, not necessarily including the four other credits we require for admission.
You may choose any related "Subject of Major Interest" (e.g. Biology) for your application, these are collected by the universities for informational purposes and are not binding in any way for student's course or program choices.

First Year Courses
The required first year courses are listed above. Note that this set of courses is specific to the BCB Program and "pure" Life-Sciences or Computer Sciences first-year course sets would differ. This means that even though you will enroll in the Program in your second year at the University, you have to make the decision to take these courses on admission, as you choose your first year courses. However, should you change your mind at a later time, there are ways to make up for missing prerequisites. Often this involves the opportunity to take courses during the summer. First year students pay the normal tuition fees ( for example $4,230 per year for Ontario students in 2004 ).

Enrolment into the Program
Enrolment to the program will be capped at 40 students per cohort and selection will be based on your performance in the required first year courses. A minimum GPA of 3.2 (roughly 80%) for first year courses will apply. For details, please refer to the BCB GPA calculator form. After enrolment into the BCB POSt (Program of Study), the Computer Science tuition fees will apply ( for example approximately $6,500 per year for Ontario students in 2004 ).

Transfer Options
Numerous transfer options into life-science-only or computer-science-only POSts exist after the first and even after the second year. Most will require additional course work over the summer, but in general, transfer to each of the participating departments' specialist or major programs will be possible without extending your time to graduate. Please enquire for details.

(*) Please note that while the information in this section is as accurate as we can reasonably maintain it, it is a digest of the applicable Faculty regulations and policies and is posted for approximate guidance only. Please refer to the Faculty's official documents. When in doubt, ask your Registrar!

Contact, and Further Information
Please e-mail Prof. Boris Steipe,if you consider applying to this undergraduate specialist program; we will be glad to update you with further information as it becomes available.

Last Update: October 24. 2008